![]() ![]() It’s a question of growth, of being strong enough in themselves to get out from under that past and transition away from what has happened to what is happening now. Many learners wear an attitude, forged during their time at school, like a bulletproof vest I work in close partnership with them and people with a stake in their success to try to give them something that would be of use, that might help them to break the pattern. But sometimes the bulletproof vest weighs heavy and they can’t quite get it off their shoulders. Everyone gets a fresh start and many of them take it. I tell them in lessons that I don’t care about who they were. I don’t judge them on the problems that they’ve had. I don’t judge them on the trouble that they may have been in. I don’t judge them on their past attainment. I can offer a clean slate if they’re willing to grab it. I’m also not a therapist, and I can’t untangle some of the knots that their previous experiences have left them in. Anyway, if I did have a time machine, I’d be using it to win the lottery every week. These legacy issues (as I like to call them) dismantle any potential they may have and leave them stuck in a pattern that’s destined to repeat itself.Īs a lecturer, I find it a difficult thing to combat as I don’t own a time machine, I can’t reach into people’s pasts and change their history. The shadow of the past can darken a student’s present. This attitude protects them from things such as failure, wasted effort and disappointment, yet at the same time drags them down, as it manifests itself in behaviour problems, apathy towards learning and a hesitancy to put the effort in to reach their goals. They often struggle in their classes owing to the less-than-positive memories they have of their time at school (or alternative provision) they wear an attitude forged during this time like a bulletproof vest. Instead, they became incorporated as supplemental methods into complex legal, social, and cultural decision-making around families.Learners come to FE by a variety of paths, but many of those I see day to day have not had the best experience of education up until that point. Our review suggests that techniques of biological identification, no matter how sophisticated or precise, were ineffective means for establishing identity, whether of individual personhood, as in the case of paternity, or national make-up. In this article, we explore the development of biological and eventually genetic typing in Brazil, both of which had ties to the fields of criminology and race science. Without denying the significance of the constitution's dignitary framework, we show that new legal understandings of paternity represent less a paradigm shift than a continuation of longstanding historical tensions between biological and socio-cultural understandings of family and identity. Leading family law specialists describe this new conception of paternity as an outcome of the "revolutionary" provisions of the 1988 Constitution, which recognizes the "pluralism" of family forms in modern society and guarantees equal family rights for all children. ![]() Instead, DNA paternity testing has generated mountains of litigation, as biological proof has been challenged by the argument that paternity is primarily "socio-affective". Yet, over the past two decades, Brazilian legal doctrine and jurisprudence have increasingly rejected DNA proof as the sine qua non for paternity cases. The arrival of DNA paternity testing in the 1980s was met with great enthusiasm in the Brazilian courts. ![]()
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